‘Then the handprint experts went to work - Detective Potter and his assistant; Detective Johnstone, of the Criminal Investigation Branch; and Mr. Shaw, the expert at Pentridge Prison.’

The Advertiser, 23 March 1914 http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article5421275

prohibited

3. The immigration into the Commonwealth of the persons described in any of the following paragraphs of this section (herein-after called “prohibited immigrants”) is prohibited, namely:—
(a) Any person who when asked to do so by an officer fails to write out at dictation and sign in the presence of the officer a passage of fifty words in length in an European language directed by the officer;

‘the test’

Donohoe v Wong Sau [1925] HCA 6:

‘I regard the test as being whether the person is a constituent part of the Australian community.’

‘I think the Chief Justice has hit the nail on the head when he said that the respondent was not coming home.’

http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3379665

http://www.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/sinodisp/au/cases/cth/HCA/1925/6.html

‘Mr Hop Poon Gooey is at last taking his wife back to China, together with their Australian-born children, in obedience to the command of the Commonwealth Government.’

http://www.naa.gov.au/collection/publications/papers-and-podcasts/immigration/white-australia.aspx

‘As the impression of hand-prints was only required of criminals in China the practice now followed by the Commonwealth in connection with the return to Australia of Chinese on a certificate issued by the Customs was insulting to the Chinese... Other reasonable and sufficient means of identification could easily be adopted in lieu of the degrading hand-print...’

http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article15169561